dd if=/dev/sdX of=MBR.bck bs=512 count=1

Please note that you have to replace /dev/sdX with your actual drive. This can be /dev/sda, /dev/hda, etc.

How to restore de MBR record

dd if=MBR.bck of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1

Again you have to replace /dev/sdX with your actual drive.

If you also want to keep a human readable copy of the partition table you can run:

fdisk -l > part.table

I hope it helps !

1. froze messages to recipient root@host.localhost.com

/usr/sbin/exiqgrep -i -r root@host.localhost.com | /usr/bin/xargs exim -Mf

2. delete frozen messages

/usr/sbin/exiqgrep -z -i | /usr/bin/xargs exim -Mrm

3. delete messages older than X hours (X in seconds)

/usr/sbin/exiqgrep -o X -i | /usr/bin/xargs exim -Mrm

4. total messages in queue

/usr/sbin/exiqgrep | /usr/sbin/exiqsumm | grep TOTAL

For other very useful commands, please visit: http://www.skillett.com/index.php/258/hands-on-with-an-exim-cheatsheet. Thanks Keiron.

or for just a table:

mysqldump –skip-add-locks –skip-lock-tables database table > database.table.sql

Hope this help.

Here it is:

adddns – Adds a DNS zone.
addfpmail – Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them.
addfpmail2 -Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them.
addnetmaskips – Add the netmask 255.255.255.0 to all IPs that have no netmask.
addnobodygrp – Adds the group nobody and activates security.
addpop – Add a Pop Account.
addservlets – Add JSP support to an account (requires tomcat).
addstatus – (Internal use never called by user).
adduser – Add a user to the system.
admin – Run WHM Lite.
apachelimits – Add rlimits to Apache
betaexim – Installs the latest version of exim.
biglogcheck – looks for logs nearing 2 gigabytes in size
bsdcryptoinstall – Installs crypto on FreeBSD.
bsdldconfig – Configures the proper lib directories in FreeBSD.
bsdpkgpingtest – Tests the connection speed for downloading FreeBSD packages.
buildbsdexpect – Install expect on FreeBSD.
buildeximconf – Rebuilds exim.conf.
buildpostgrebsd-dev – Installs postgresql on FreeBSD.
checkbadconf – Checks /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf for bad users.
checkbsdgroups – Checks and repairs proftpd ownership on FreeBSD.
checkccompiler – Checks to make sure the C compiler works on your system.
checkfpkey – Checks for the FrontPage suid key
checkgd – Checks to see if GD is built.
checkinterchange – (Internal use).
checklibssl – Checks to make sure the proper libssl symlinks exist.
checkmaxclients – Checks to see if apache has reached the maximum clients allowed.
checkoldperl – Checks to see if the version of Perl on your system is old.
checkrsync – Checks to make sure rsync is up to date.
checksuexecpatch – Checks to see if mailman has been patched for suexec.
checksuspendpages – Checks to see if suspend pages are properly named.
checkup2date – Makes sure up2date is set up properly (RedHat)
checkyum – Makes sure yum is set up properly.
chkpaths – Makes sure /usr/sbin/chown has a symlink to /bin/chown
chownpublichtmls – Change ownership of all users web space to them, which is useful for converting to suexec. Files owned by nobody are deleted.
chpass – Change password.
ckillall – Allows you to kill a process (used like killall).
ckillall2 – Allows you to kill a process.
cleanbw – Cleans up old bandwidth logs.
cleandns8 – Clean up named.conf.
cleangd – Cleans up old GD installs and reinstalls GD
cleanmd5 – Fix CPAN md5 problems.
cleanmsglog – cleans exim’s msglog
cleanupmysqlprivs – Cleans up improper mySQL privileges.
compilers – Disables the usage of compilers for unprivileged users.
convert2maildir – Converts mail from mbox to maildir format and installs courier impap and pop (cpimap is removed).
courierup – Updates/Installs Courier
cpbackup – Runs backups.
distupgrade – Upgrades RedHat to the newest version (for testing only)
dnscluster – Enables DNS clustering.
dnsqueuecron – Adds a cron job to dump the DNS queue.
dnstransfer – Only if the server has a DNS master (sync with DNS master).
downgradefp – Downgrades FrontPage Extensions (to 5.0-0)
dropmysqldb – Drops a mySQL database.
easyapache – Upgrade Apache
editquota – Change a users quota.
enablechkservdwebmail – Enable service checking of webmaild.
enablefileprotect – Protects home directories if file protection is built in apache.
ensurepkg – Installs a FreeBSD package.
ensurerpm – Installs a rpm.
exim3 – Installs exim 3.
exim4 – Installs exim 4.
exim4-rh73test – Installs exim release #260. (RedHat only)
eximcron – Creates a cron job for exim_tidy_db.
eximlocalsend – Enables/Disables exim local sending.
exim_tidydb – Cleans the exim message log.
eximup – Installs/Updates exim.
fetchgd – Includes libg.so.
findhacks – Search for common Trojan Horses.
findoddrootprocesses – Lists root processes that may need to be checked out.
findphpversion – Check to see if your php version file is up to date.
findtrojans – Exhaustive Trojan Horse search.
fixallcartswithsuexec – Fixes permissions on carts when using suexec.
fixallinterchangeperm – Fixes permissions on all users’ Interchange Shopping Carts.
fixbinpath – Makes sure all bin file paths are correct.
fixbuggynamed – Updates bind to solve any problems with bugs.
fixcommonproblems – Attempt to fix the most common problems.
fixetchosts – Fixes problems with /etc/hosts
fixeverything – Fix common problems and quotas.
fixfpwml – Fix for .wml errors with frontpage.
fixheaders – Run if nothing compiles errors with .h files on compile.
fixinterchange – Reinstall interchange Perl modules.
fixinterchangeperm – fix permissions on a user’s interchange cart.
fixipsnm – Same as addnetmask ips, but Perl though.
fixlibnet – Reinstall Bundle::libnet (Perl).
fixlocalhostwithphp – Change /etc/hosts to work better with PHP 4.2.0 + MySQL.
fixmailman – Updates and restarts mailman.
fixmailmanwithsuexec -
fixmuse – Reinstalls muse.
fixmysql – Fixes problems with mySQL.
fixmysqlbsd – Fixes problesm with mySQL on FreeBSD.
fixnamed – Updates bind to handle many DNS zones (more than 512).
fixndc – Repair redhat’s broken named.conf on 7.2.
fixoldlistswithsuexec – Run after enabling suexec on the server to change the URLs that Mailman gives out to ones that don’t give a 500 internal server error.
fixperl – Symlink /usr/local/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl.
fixperlscript – Makes sure a perlscript includes all corresponding modules.
fixpop – Fix a POP account and reset password.
fixproftpdconf – Fixes problems with /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf
fixproftpddupes – Updates proftpd.
fixquotas – Fix quotas.
fixrndc – Fixes named.conf to prevent rndc staus failed.
fixspamassassinfailedupdate – Reinstalls a failed spamassassin update.
fixsubdomainlogs – Run if subdomain logs don’t show up in cPanel.
fixsuexeccgiscripts – Fix CGI scripts that are broken after suexec installed.
fixvaliases – Fix permisions on valiases.
fixwebalizer – Repair a Webalizer that has stopped updating.
fp3 – Updates the fpexe3 patch.
fpanonuserpatch – Updates FrontPage extensions to include the anonymous user patch.
ftpcheck – Checks for FTPSSL.
ftpquaotacheck – Runs quota checking for all ftp users.
ftpup – Updates your ftp server.
fullhordereset – Resets Horde and displays the current Horde password.
futexfix – Fixes problesm with futex.
futexstartup – Starts futex.
gcc3 – Installs gcc-3.3.3

gencrt – Generate a .crt and .csr file.
grpck – Checks to see if grpck is working properly.
hdparmify – Enable dma/irq/32bit HD access, which speeds up IDE drives.
hdparmon – Turns on hdparm.
initacls – Mounts your file systems with ACL support (make sure your kernel supports ACLs)
initfpsuexec – Enable FrontPage suexec support.
initquotas – Turn on quota support on new drives.
initsslhttpd – Make sure HTTP starts with SSL.
initsuexec – Turn on suexec support if suexec is installed.
installcgipm – Installs CGI.pm
installdbi – Install Bundle::DBD::mysql.
installfpfreebsd – Installs FrontPage 5 Extensions on FreeBSD.
installfpgentoo – Installs FrontPage on Gentoo.
installgd – Builds GD.
installpkg – Installs a FreeBSD package.
installpostgres – Installs PostrgeSQL.
installrpm – Installs a rpm.
installspam – Install SpamAssassin.
installssl – Add a SSL vhost.
installzendopt – Install zend optimzer.
installzendopt-freebsd – Install zend optimizer on a freebsd machine.
isdedicatedip – Checks an ip to see if it is dedicated.
killacct – Delete an account.
killbadrpms – Security script that kills insecure RPMs from the server.
killdns – Delete a DNS zone.
killdrrootvhost – Removes the document root for a virtual host.
killndbm – Remove the broken NDBM_File module from 7.2.
killpvhost – Removes a virtual host from proftpd.conf.
killspamkeys – Removes a spam key.
killsslvhost – Removes a SSL entry for a virtual host.
killvhost – Delete a vhost.
listcheck – Checks mailing lists for issues.
listproblems – Lists common problems.
listsubdomains – List subdomains.
mailperm – Fix almost any mail permission problem.
mailscannerupdate – Updates MailScanner
mailtroubleshoot – Guided mail fix.
makecpphp – Installs php.
makesecondary – Part of DNS transfer.
manualupcp – Updates cPanel manually.
md5crypt – Encrypts a password into MD5.
mseclocal – Sets up Mandrake’s msec to allow exim to run as mailnull.
mysqladduserdb – Create a MySQL databse and user.
mysqlconnectioncheck – Attempts to connect to MySQL, restarts SQL if necessary.
mysqldeluserdb – Delete a MySQL database and user.
mysqlpasswd – Change MySQL password.
mysqlrpmpingtest – Checks your connection speed for downloading mySQL rpms.
mysqlup – Updates mySQL.
ndbmcheck – Checks to see if the nbdm module is loaded (kills in RedHat 7.2)
netftpsslpatch – Patches FTPSSL.pm.
newexim – Installs the latest version of exim.
nofsck – Make fsck always use -y
nomodattach – Removes mod_attach from httpd.conf.
nomodauthmysql -Removes mod_auth_mysql from httpd.conf.
nomodbwprotect – Removes mod_bwportect from httpd.conf.
nomodgzipconfmods – Removes mod_gzip from httpd.conf.
nomodperl – Removes mod_perl from httpd.conf.
oldaddoncgi2xaddon – Updates old addons to X addons.
park – Parks a domain.
patcheximconf – Fixes exim.conf.
perlinstaller – Installs perl.
phpini – Create a php.ini file.
pingtest – Checks your download time from cPanel mirrors.
pkgaccount-ala – backs up an Alab*nza account for transfer.
pkgacct-ciXost – backs up a ci*ost account for transfer.
pkgacct-dXm – backs up a d*m account for transfer.
pkgacct-enXim – backs up an en*im account for transfer.
pkgacct-pXa – backs up a p*a account for transfer.
proftpd128 – Installs proftpd-1.2.8.
ptycheck – Fixes permissoins on /dev/ptmx.
pwck -Verifies the integrity of system authentication information.
quickkernel – Updates your kernel.
quicksecure – Quickly kill useless services.
rebuildcpanelsslcrt – Rebuilds the cPanel SSL Certificate.
rebuildcpusers – Rebuilds /var/cpanel/users.
rebuildetcpasswd – Rebuilds /etc/passwd.
rebuildeximbsd – Rebuilds exim on FreeBSD.
rebuildhttpdconffromproftpd – Rebuild httpd.conf from the proftpd.conf file.
rebuildinterchangecfg – Used after moving a domain with Interchange to the server.
rebuildnamedconf – Restore named.conf from files in /var/named.
rebuildproftpd – Restore proftpd.conf from httpd.conf.
reinstallmailman – Reinstalls mailman.
relocatevartousr – Relocates files from /var to /usr in case of disk space issues.
remdefssl – Remove default SSL vhost.
reseteximtodefaults – Resets exim’s default settings.
resetimappasswds – Resets all imap passwords.
resetquotas – Change quotas to what they should be .
restartsrv – Restart a service.
restartsrv_apache – Restart apache.
restartsrv_bind – Restart bind.
restartsrv_clamd – Restart clamd.
restartsrv_courier – Restart courier imap.
restartsrv_cppop – Restart cppop.
restartsrv_entropychat – Restart entropy chat.
restartsrv_exim – Restart exim.
restartsrv_eximstats – Restart exim statistics.
restartsrv_ftpserver – Restart your ftp server.
restartsrv_httpd – Restart httpd.
restartsrv_imap – Restart impad.
restartsrv_inetd – Restart inetd.
restartsrv_interchange – Restart Interchange Shopping Cart.
restartsrv_melange – Restart melange chat.
restartsrv_mysql – Restart mysqld.
restartsrv_named – Restart named.
restartsrv_postgres – Restart postgresql.
restartsrv_postgresql – Restart postgresql.
restartsrv_proftpd – Restart proftpd.
restartsrv_pureftpd – Restart pure-ftpd.
restartsrv_spamd – Restart spamd.
restartsrv_sshd – Restart sshd.
restartsrv_syslogd – Restart syslogd.
restartsrv_tomcat – Restart tomcat.
restartsrv_xinetd – Restart xinetd.
restoremail – Restores a user’s mail.
reswhostmgr – Restart whostmgr.
rpmup – Upgrade redhat/mandrake errata/security.
rrdtoolinstall – Installs RRD Tool.
runstatsonce – Runs statistics (should be used from the crontab).
runweblogs – Run analog/webalizer/etc. for a user.
safeperlinstaller – Installs perl safely.
safeup2date – Runs up2date safely.
safeyum – Runs yum safely.
secureit – Remove unnecessary suid binaries.
securemysql – Attempts to secure the MySQL configuration.
securetmp – Adds securetmp to system startup.
setupfp – Install FrontPage 3 on an account.
setupfp4 – Install FrontPage 4 (2000) installer on an account.
setupfp5 – Install FrontPage 5 (2002) installer on an account.
setupfp5.nosueuxec – Install FrontPage 5 (2002) installer on an account when not using suexec.
showexelist – Shows exe processes.
simpleps – Display the process list.
smartcheck – Checks hard drive integrity.
smtpmailgdionly – Enables SMTP Mail Protection.
spamboxdisable – Disables SpamAssassin’s spambox delivery for all accounts.
suspendacct – Suspends an account.
sysup – update cPanel RPMs.
unlimitnamed – Installs the latest version of bind patched to support greater than 512 ips on the server.
unblockip – Unblocks an IP blocked by portsentry.
unsetupfp4 – Removes FrontPage 4 or 5 from an account.
unslavenamedconf – If the user accidentally sets a DNS master as local server, this will repair named.conf after the loop.
unsuspendacct – Unsuspends an account.
upcp – Updates cPanel.
updated – Updates /scripts.
updatefrontpage – Updates FrontPage
updatenow – Updates /scripts NOW.
updatephpconf – Updates PHP configuration files.
whoowns – Finds out who owns a domain.
wwwacct – Creates an account.
xaddonreport – Reports the current addon scripts installed.

crontab -e

“Vi” is the editor that opens up.
I personally don’t like it and I wanted to change it to the good old nano.
If you are in the same situation here is the simple command that will change your default OS editor.

export VISUAL=’pico -w’

Now when you run:

crontab -e

Nano will open up.

Hope it helps !

The backup script that I am suggesting uses rsync and will update only the files that are changed since the last backup. This will greatly reduce the backup time and the load on the server.

For this script to work you have to have a second hdd with a size identical or greater then your main hdd.
In this example I will backup the hole hdd but you can of course backup only /home or anything you like.
To better protect the data on the backup hdd, this hard-disk will be mounted as read-only for the majority of time and will be switched to read/write only when the backup script is running .

I recommend running the script once a week or once a day.
If you want to run it once a week go to /etc/cron.weekly/

cd /etc/cron.weekly/

Now we will create the backup script

nano backup

Paste into this file the fallowing

#!/bin/bash
mount -o remount,rw /backups
rsync -av –delete –exclude=/backups / /backups
mount -o remount,ro /backups

This will backup “/” to” /backups”, replacing only the changed files since the last backup. It will also mount /backups in read/write mode first and after the backup is finished it will mount it in read-only mode.

Hope it helps !

PS: Remember that this is just a basic backup script. There are many enhancements that can be done and if you have some creative ideas please leave a comment with your suggestions.
Also please note that this does not replace the need for a fault tolerant solution such as a RAID matrix.

How to install DomainKeys on a specific domain.

1. First check that you are running the latest version on RELEASE or CURRENT of cPanel 11.
2. Run the script

/usr/local/cpanel/bin/domain_keys_installer username

Where username is the cPanel user.

If you get an error similar to “Domain keys are not installed on this machine.” you either are not running the latest release or current version of cPanel or you have not converted yet to maildir. Maildir conversion is required before you install DomainKeys.
You will find an article about converting to maildir on this site !

Ok, we just installed DomainKeys for a domain, but how about if we want to install it for all the domains (users)?
Well I found the solution just a few days ago on a public forum. Someone wrote a nice bash script that will parse all the cpanel users and then run the installation for each of them.

for i in `ls /var/cpanel/users` ;do /usr/local/cpanel/bin/domain_keys_installer $i ;done

Ok, but what about if we want that every new created account to have DomainKeys installed. Well this is a bit harder to do.
I recommend editing /scripts/postwwwacct and adding:

my %OPTS = @ARGV;
my $user = $OPTS{’user’};
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/domain_keys_installer $user

Now test this by creating a new account.

If you have any problems please don’t hesitate to leave a commnent here.

I’ve noticed that on some new installs of cPanel 11.x + CentOS 5.0 there is a problem with cron jobs where the crons are not saved at all with no apparent reason and with no errors.
After some investigations I’ve found out that this is do to the fact that crontab doesn’t have the correct permissions.
It’s an easy fix and all you have to run as root is:

chmod a+s /usr/bin/crontab

Now try to add your crons again. It should work.